I would like to add a "red filled square" symbol beside the "red filled circle" symbol under legend. How do I achieve this? I prefer to stick with pyplot rather than pylab.

Below is the code I've been using:

fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1,0.29,0.86,0.68])
plt.ylabel('Radial Velocity (km s$^{-1}$)')
plt.plot(time_model, rv_model_primary, 'k-', label = 'Primary')
plt.plot(time_model_sec, rv_model_secondary, 'k--', label = 'Secondary')
plt.plot(time_obs, rv_obs_primary, 'bo', label='XYZ')plt.plot(time_obs_apg, rv_obs_primary_apg, 'ro', label='This Work')
plt.plot(time_obs_apg_sec, rv_obs_secondary_apg, 'rs')
plt.plot((0.0, 1.0),(0.0,0.0), 'k-.')
plt.legend(loc='upper left', numpoints=1) 

Here's what I tried:

p1=plt.plot(time_model, rv_model_primary, 'k-')
p2=plt.plot(time_model_sec, rv_model_secondary, 'k--')
p3=plt.plot(time_obs, rv_obs_primary, 'bo')
p4=plt.plot(time_obs_apg, rv_obs_primary_apg, 'ro')
p5=plt.plot(time_obs_apg_sec, rv_obs_secondary_apg, 'rs')plt.legend([p1,p2,p3,(p4,p5)],["Primary", "Secondary", "XYZ", "This Work"])

After making changes to the code using tcaswell's suggestions I get the following. The looks good but I would like to have just one symbol for blue while keeping the two for red. Currently there are two.

The final solution by adding numpoints=1 to the general legend() worked. Here's how I wanted it. Thanks tcaswell!

solve exception issue

Suspect you need to do:

p1, = plt.plot(time_model, rv_model_primary, 'k-')
p2, = plt.plot(time_model_sec, rv_model_secondary, 'k--')
p3, = plt.plot(time_obs, rv_obs_primary, 'bo')
p4, = plt.plot(time_obs_apg, rv_obs_primary_apg, 'ro')
p5, = plt.plot(time_obs_apg_sec, rv_obs_secondary_apg, 'rs')

plot returns a list of Line2D objects (the extra , unpacks it) and I think that the expected types in are getting mucked up. This fixes your exceptions issue, but does not actually solve your problem.

hacky solution

A some what hacky way to solve this is:

plt.legend([p1,p2,p3,(p5,p4)],["Primary", "Secondary", "XYZ", "This Work"],handler_map={p4:HandlerLine2D(numpoints=2), p5:HandlerLine2D(numpoints=1)})

which gives you three points, two of one and one of the other.

cleaner solution

from matplotlib.legend_handler import HandlerLine2Dclass HandlerXoffset(HandlerLine2D):def __init__(self, marker_pad=0.3, numpoints=1, x_offset=0,  **kw):HandlerLine2D.__init__(self, marker_pad=marker_pad, numpoints=numpoints, **kw)self._xoffset = x_offsetdef get_xdata(self, legend, xdescent, ydescent, width, height, fontsize):numpoints = self.get_numpoints(legend)if numpoints > 1:# we put some pad here to compensate the size of the# markerxdata = np.linspace(-xdescent + self._marker_pad * fontsize,width - self._marker_pad * fontsize,numpoints) - self._xoffsetxdata_marker = xdataelif numpoints == 1:xdata = np.linspace(-xdescent, width, 2) - self._xoffsetxdata_marker = [0.5 * width - 0.5 * xdescent - self._xoffset]print xdata, self._xoffsetprint xdata_markerreturn xdata, xdata_markertime_model = time_model_sec = time_obs = time_obs_apg = time_obs_apg_sec = range(5)rv_model_primary = np.random.rand(5)
rv_model_secondary = np.random.rand(5)
rv_obs_primary = np.random.rand(5)
rv_obs_primary_apg =  np.random.rand(5)
rv_obs_secondary_apg =  np.random.rand(5)p1,=plt.plot(time_model, rv_model_primary, 'k-')
p2,=plt.plot(time_model_sec, rv_model_secondary, 'k--')
p3,=plt.plot(time_obs, rv_obs_primary, 'bo')
p4,=plt.plot(time_obs_apg, rv_obs_primary_apg, 'ro')
p5,=plt.plot(time_obs_apg_sec, rv_obs_secondary_apg, 'rs')plt.legend([p1,p2,p3,(p5,p4)], ["Primary", "Secondary", "XYZ", "This Work"],handler_map={p4:HandlerXoffset(x_offset=10),   p5:HandlerXoffset(x_offset=-10)})

gist

You will probably have to play with x_offset a bit to make it look right, and there is probably a better way to automatically figure out what it's value should be, but this should be enough to get you started.