NetworkX includes functions for drawing a graph using matplotlib. This is an example using the great IPython Notebook (started with ipython3 notebook --pylab inline):

Nice, for a start. But how can I influence attributes of the drawing, like coloring, line width and labelling? I have not worked with matplotlib before.

IPython is a great tool for finding out what functions (and objects) can do. If you type

[1]: import networkx as nx
[2]: nx.draw?

you see

Definition: nx.draw(G, pos=None, ax=None, hold=None, **kwds)

**kwds: optional keywordsSee networkx.draw_networkx() for a description of optional keywords.

And if you therefore type

[10]: nx.draw_networkx?

you will see

node_color: color string, or array of floats
edge_color: color string, or array of floats
width: floatLine width of edges (default =1.0)
labels: dictionaryNode labels in a dictionary keyed by node of text labels (default=None)

So, armed with this information, and a bit of experimentation, it is not hard to arrive at:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import networkx as nx
import stringG = nx.generators.erdos_renyi_graph(18, 0.2)
nx.draw(G,node_color = np.linspace(0,1,len(G.nodes())),edge_color = np.linspace(0,1,len(G.edges())),width = 3.0,labels = {n:l for n,l in zip(G.nodes(),string.ascii_uppercase)})
plt.show()

which yields