I need to get the full nanosecond-precision modified timestamp for each file in a Python 2 program that walks the filesystem tree. I want to do this in Python itself, because spawning a new subprocess for every file will be slow.

From the C library on Linux, you can get nanosecond-precision timestamps by looking at the st_mtime_nsec field of a stat result. For example:

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {struct stat stat_result;if(!lstat("/", &stat_result)) {printf("mtime = %lu.%lu\n", stat_result.st_mtim.tv_sec, stat_result.st_mtim.tv_nsec);} else {printf("error\n");return 1;}
}

prints mtime = 1380667414.213703287 (/ is on an ext4 filesystem, which supports nanosecond timestamps, and the clock is UTC).

Similarly, date --rfc-3339=ns --reference=/ prints 2013-10-01 22:43:34.213703287+00:00.

Python (2.7.3)'s os.path.getmtime(filename) and os.lstat(filename).st_mtime give the mtime as a float. However, the result is wrong:

In [1]: import os
In [2]: os.path.getmtime('/') % 1
Out[2]: 0.21370339393615723
In [3]: os.lstat('/').st_mtime % 1
Out[3]: 0.21370339393615723

—only the first 6 digits are correct, presumably due to floating-point error.

os.stat('/').st_mtime is a float object, and the precision of float is too low for a timestamp with nanosecond,

Python’s underlying type for floats is an IEEE 754 double, which isonly good for about 16 decimal digits. With ten digits before thedecimal point, that leaves six for sub-second resolutions, which isthree short of the range required to preserve POSIXnanosecond-resolution timestamps. via: This Week in Python Stupidity: os.stat, os.utime and Sub-Second Timestamps

If you can use Python 3, there's a new a attribute called st_mtime_ns, which is st_mtime in nanoseconds. try it.

>>> os.stat('.').st_mtime
1381571932.044594
>>> os.stat('.').st_mtime_ns
1381571932044593972

References:

PEP 410 -- Use decimal.Decimal type for timestamps

os.stat(): add new fields to get timestamps as Decimal objects with nanosecond resolution

add st_*time_ns fields to os.stat(), add ns keyword to os.utime(), os.utimens() expects a number of nanoseconds