This error message is not unknown, I have already reinstalled many packages, but so far not yet found a solution.

I get the following error from the command pip install cryptography

/usr/include/python2.7/pyport.h:849:2: error: #error "LONG_BIT definition appears wrong for platform (bad gcc/glibc config?)."#error "LONG_BIT definition appears wrong for platform (bad gcc/glibc config?)."^

At the end of a long traceback it says:

distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Setup script exited with error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-xXOpFq-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography
Storing debug log for failure in /root/.pip/pip.log

python-dev, python2.7-dev and python3-dev exist.

Make sure you have the right bits-installed for python. In my case I installed anaconda python 32-bit on my 64-bit centOs which caused the issue. Installing the right bit version for Python fixed it.