I'm trying to install Jupyter on my Mac (OS X El Capitan) and I'm getting an error in response to:

sudo pip install -U jupyter

At first the download/install starts fine, but then I run into this:

Installing collected packages: six, singledispatch, certifi, backports-abc, tornado, jupyter-core, pyzmq, jupyter-client, functools32, jsonschema, nbformat, pygments, mistune, MarkupSafe, jinja2, nbconvert, path.py, pickleshare, simplegeneric, setuptools, gnureadline, appnope, ptyprocess, pexpect, ipython, ipykernel, terminado, notebook, ipywidgets, jupyter-console, qtconsole, jupyterFound existing installation: six 1.4.1DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.Uninstalling six-1.4.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in mainstatus = self.run(options, args)File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in runprefix=options.prefix_path,File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 726, in installrequirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 746, in uninstallpaths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in removerenames(path, new_path)File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renamesshutil.move(old, new)File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in movecopy2(src, real_dst)File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2copystat(src, dst)File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystatos.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-ByX5xW-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'

What can I do to fix this?

The default OS X Python that El Capitan ships with is unfortunately rather badly mispackaged (grrr, Apple). Not only have they shipped some rather strange 3rd party packages already installed, but strange (old) and beta versions of those packages. Furthermore, they are heavily system protected.

This makes the default python rather unfriendly to do work with (as you have found out). In your specific case, juypter would like to install a recent version of the six library, but the system installed version is a strange old one and will not let pip update it (jupyter requires an updated version).

In general, to alleviate all future headaches, I recommend getting a different distribution of python, and putting that on your path so it is your new default. There are a couple of choices; what's important is only using one at a time (otherwise they're apt to confuse eachother, or confuse you).

1. Python.org - From the Python developers themselves
2. Homebrew - a unixy package manager for OS X, which has a normally-functioning python package
3. Anaconda Python - A scientific python distribution, with many 'harder-to-install' scientific packages already available and 'just working' (including jupyter).

I recommend going with Anaconda for now, if you don't know what to choose.