So, I have a series of actions to perform, based on 4 conditional variables - lets say x,y,z & t. Each of these variables have a possible True or False value. So, that is a total of 16 possible permutations. And I need to perform a different action for each permutation.

What is the best way to do this rather than making a huge if-else construct.

Lets see a simplified example. This is how my code would look if I try to contain all the different permutations into a large if-else construct.

if (x == True):if (y == True):if (z == True):if (t == True):print ("Case 1")else:print ("Case 2")else:if (t == True):print ("Case 3")else:print ("Case 4")else:if (z == True):if (t == True):print ("Case 5")else:print ("Case 6")else:if (t == True):print ("Case 7")else:print ("Case 8")
else:if (y == True):if (z == True):if (t == True):print ("Case 9")else:print ("Case 10")else:if (t == True):print ("Case 11")else:print ("Case 12")else:if (z == True):if (t == True):print ("Case 13")else:print ("Case 14")else:if (t == True):print ("Case 15")else:print ("Case 16")

Is there any way to simplify this? Obviously, my objective for each case is more complicated than just printing "Case 1".

You can use a map of cases to results:

cases = { (True,  True,  True,  True):  "Case 1",(True,  True,  True,  False): "Case 2",(True,  True,  False, True): "Case 3",(True,  True,  False, False):"Case 4",(True,  False, True,  True): "Case 5",(True,  False, True,  False):"Case 6",(True,  False, False, True): "Case 7",(True,  False, False, False):"Case 8",(False, True,  True,  True): "Case 9",(False, True,  True,  False):"Case 10",(False, True,  False, True): "Case 11",(False, True,  False, False):"Case 12",(False, False, True,  True): "Case 13",(False, False, True,  False):"Case 14",(False, False, False, True): "Case 15",(False, False, False, False):"Case 16"}print(cases[(x,y,z,t])

If you want to do something else/different for each case, you could add a function to that map.

cases = { (True,  True,  True,  True):  foo_func,(True,  True,  True,  False): bar_func,...}result = cases[(x,y,x,t)](*args)

You can also use one of the masking solutions to make the code shorter, or if you have too many cases to write out, but for smaller sets of cases, this explicit representation will be clearer and easier to maintain.